| Sažetak | Republika Hrvatska na putu je da postane članica Europske Unije. Zahtjev koji se pred nju stavlja je usklađivanje zakonodavstva s pravnom stečevinomEuropske Unije, a to se odnosi i na prometnu politiku i prometni sustav Republike Hrvatske. Iako je donijela brojne strateške dokumente kojima uređuje promet i prometne podsustave, Republike Hrvatska još uvijek nema jedinstveni dokument s naslovom prometna politika. Istraživanja su pokazala da je prometnu politiku proteklih desetljeća obilježavala nekonzistentnost, nejednako tretiranje prometnih sustava, favoriziranje cestovnoga prometa u odnosu na ostale grane, nejednakost ulaganja u prometne grane... Stoga se u radu istražuju teorijske značajke prometne politike, kao što su pojam, važnost, vrste, ciljevi i instrumenti prometne politike, načela i učinci prometne politike, kako bi se utvrdili znanstveni temelji prometne politike te ukazalo na međuodnos prometne politike Republike Hrvatske s europskom prometnom politikom. Analizirati prometnu politiku nije moguće bez upoznavanja s temeljenimznačajkama prometnoga sustava. Promet je složeni i dinamički sustav kojega čine brojni podsustavi različitih struktura i specifičnosti (tehničkih, tehnoloških, organizacijskih, pravnih, ekonomskih...) zbog čega je od posebne važnosti poznavati elemente suvremene prometne industrije koji utječu na efikasnost kreiranja i operacionaliziranja svih procesa i aktivnosti u prometnim sustavima, a samim time utječu na ostvarivanje ciljeva prometne politike. Prometna industrija Republike Hrvatske analizirana je po pojedinim elementima: prometne infrastrukture, prometne suprastrukture, prometnoga intelektualnoga kapitala, informacijskih tehnologija, bruto domaćega proizvoda, usklađenosti prometnog prava s europskim zahtjevima i ostalim elementima koji djeluju na rast i razvoj prometne industrije u cjelini. Te su spoznaje bile neophodne kako bi se mogla napraviti analiza i ocjena stupnja razvijenosti prometnoga sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj. Analiza i ocjena stupnja razvijenosti prometnoga sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj pokazala je da prometni sustav još uvijek nije dovoljno razvijen i konkurentan u odnosu na prometne sustave razvijenih europskih država. Međutim, ima brojne prednosti koji ga stavljaju u bolji položaj u odnosu na susjedne europske države, ali i neke druge europske države. Istraživanja su pokazala da bi hrvatski prometni sustav mogao biti od izuzetnog značenja za cjelokupni europski i svjetski prometni i gospodarski sustav. Da se puno radi na modernizaciji prometnoga sustava pokazuju i brojni dokumenti kojima se planira razvoj, modernizacija, investicije, ulaganja. Međutim, većina tih dokumenata, uz detaljne analize ostvarenoga prometa putnika i tereta, nema jasno definirane ciljeve, vremenski rok i nositelje koji bi bili odgovorni za rast i razvoj održivoga prometnoga sustava Republike Hrvatske. Stoga, na osnovi istraživanja o prometnoj politici općenito, prometnom sustavu i elementima prometne industrije Republike Hrvatske, kao i međuodnosu prometne politike i modernizacije prometnoga sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj, predložen je model modernizacije prometne industrije Republike Hrvatske temeljne na prometnoj V politici Europske Unije i model prometne politike u funkciji modernizacije prometnoga sustava Republike Hrvatske (2010.-2030.). Modeli su rezultirali određenim vrijednostima elemenata prometne industrije i prometne politike koje bi trebalo u dužem vremenskom razdoblju ostvariti kako bi prometni sustav rezultirao većom uključenošću u europske gospodarske i prometne tokove. Osim toga, iskristalizirali su se elementi prometne industrije na koje treba dati naglasak prilikomdefiniranja prometne politike, a koji izravno djeluju na cjelokupnu prometnu industriju Republike Hrvatske. Osim toga, model je testiran provedenim anketnimistraživanjem koji potvrđuje rezultate predloženih modela. Sva navedena istraživanja potvrdila su temeljenu hipotezu da Republika Hrvatska treba novi dokument o prometnoj politici koja će biti conditio sine qua non modernizacije, održivog rasta i razvoja prometnoga sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The Republic of Croatia is on its way to becoming a member of the European Union. The precondition put before Croatia, is the harmonization of its legislation with the acquis communautaire, which also applies to traffic policy and the traffic system. Although Croatia has adopted a number of strategic documents regulating traffic and traffic subsystems, it still does not have a unique document on traffic policy. Studies have shown that, in the past decades, the traffic policy has been marked by inconsistency, unequal treatment of traffic systems, favouring road transport in relation to other branches, inequality of investment in transport sectors etc. Therefore, this dissertation explores the theoretical features of traffic policy, the concept, importance, types, objectives and instruments of the traffic policy, its principles and effects in order to determine the scientific grounds on which the traffic policy is to be developed, and to indicate to the interrelationship of the Croatian and the European traffic policy. Analysing traffic policy is not possible without previous knowledge and understanding of the basic features of the traffic system. Traffic is a complex, dynamic system composed of many subsystems that are differently structured and have different features (technical, technological, organizational, legal, economic ...). Therefore, it is especially important to be aware of and to know the elements of the modern traffic industries which impact the development and operation of all processes and activities within the traffic systems, and thus affect the realizations oftraffic policy objectives. The traffic industry of Croatia is analyzed by individual segments: traffic infrastructure, traffic superstructure, traffic intellectual capital, information technologies, gross domestic product, traffic law compliance to European requirements and other elements that affect the growth and development of the traffic industry as a whole. The achieved results were necessary in order to analyse and assess the degree of development of the traffic system in the Republic ofCroatia. The analysis and assessment of the degree of the development of the traffic system in the Republic of Croatia have shown that the traffic system is still not sufficiently developed and that it is not competitive in relation to the traffic systems of developed European countries. However, there are numerous advantages which put it in a better position in relation to the neighbouring countries, as well as some other European countries. Moreover, studies have shown that the Croatian traffic system could be of great significance for the overall European and global traffic and economic system. A number of documents planning development, modernization and investments show that a lot of work has been done on the modernization of the traffic system. However, most of these documents, along with the detailed analysis of passenger and cargo turnover, do not have clearly defined objectives, timeline, and holders who would be responsible for the growth and development of a sustainable traffic system in Croatia. Therefore, based on the research on the traffic policy in VII general, the traffic system and elements of the Croatian traffic industry, as well as the interrelationship between traffic policy and the modernization of the traffic system in the Republic of Croatia, the author proposes model for modernizing the Croatian traffic industry founded on the European Union traffic policy. Furthermore, the author proposes a model of traffic policy with the aim of modernizing the Croatian traffic system (2010-2030). Moreover, the models have indicated that traffic industry and traffic policy elements should reach certain values over a longer period of time in order for the traffic system to become more involved in the European economic and traffic flows. In addition, the analyses have shown which elements of the traffic industry should be given more emphasis when defining the traffic policy, as they directly affect the overall traffic industry of Croatia. The model was tested by conducting a survey that has confirmed the results of the proposed models. All research confirms the hypothesis that the Republic of Croatia needs a new document on traffic policy which will be a conditio sine qua non of modernization, sustainable growth and development of the traffic system in the Republic of Croatia. |
