This doctoral thesis was aimed to study the total protein expression in patients' tissue affected by Dupuytren’s contracture and palmar fibromatosis by using proteomics methods. The aim was to determine possible molecular players involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The tissue samples used for proteomic profiling were obtained from patients who have been diagnosed the last, involutional stage of the disease. The protein expression pattern in modified nod and bundle tissue was compared with the protein expression pattern in control tissue samples obtained from macroscopically non-affected part of the palmar fascial complex. The proteomic tissue profiling was perfomed by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry for protein identification. The obtained results were analyzed through data mining in combination with the bioinformatics. Bioinformatics analysis was performed by employing dynamic browsers for human protein-protein interaction map, HiMAP and STRING, and resulted as a predicted ’’interactome“ map. The confirmation of the bioinformatics analysis has been carried out by Western blot method. Proteomic tissue profiling in patients with Dupyutren’s contracture has shown that, unlike in normal tissue, the palmar fascia of patients has 44 differentially highly expressed proteins involved in intracellular and extracellular cell signalization, proliferation and differentiation, cellular metabolism and oxidative stress. The predicted ’’interactome“ has also proved useful in determining the role of the signaling protein Akt and two cellular receptors, ERBB2 and IGF-1R, in Dupuytren’s contracture progression. According to the obtained results, the PI-3K/Akt signalling pathway may be a croassroad of processes that lead to the development of Dupuytren’s contracture and ultimately to typical disease symptoms which directly correlates with cytoskeletal proteins’ modifications observed in this study. Based on the obtained results, it is plausible to believe that oxidative stress, autocrine deregulation and activation of the PI-3K/Akt signal pathway are important molecular factors in the development Dupuytren’s contracture.